UNIT FIVE Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

UNIT FIVE - Assignment Example The ANA is an expert body that speaks to interests of more than 3 million medical attendants in the United States (Mahlin, 2010). To make this a simpler undertaking, the ANA has incepted constituent and state affiliations. In the first place, the ANA is bound to encourage exclusive expectations in nursing rehearse and advance the privileges of attendants at their work place. So also, it gives a practical perspective on nursing in a positive manner. It stretches out its assurance to improve the segment by connecting with Congress and other administrative bodies to accomplish its crucial (and Kurtzman, 2010). Its strategic that it is resolved to propel nursing as a calling to improve the soundness of those that need it. The subsequent affiliation is the International Council of Nurses (ICN). This is a universal body that means to unite all the enrolled nurture in numerous nations. In actuality, the association has implanted in excess of 130 nursing affiliations. Obviously, the associat ion has a predetermined number of part associations in every nation, which is proportionate to one. It has fused the comprehensive structure that licenses other local gatherings in nursing to become individuals (Carter et al., 2010). Its crucial to improve the nursing structure and administration conveyance from all the viewpoints in the division. The initiative of ICN is in the possession of the President and three Vice Presidents who go about as the official board of trustees. Nearly, the ICN is like the ANA just that the ICN works in a more extensive topographical district. The third nursing bunch that is ending up being instrumental is the National Association of Neonatal Nurses (NANN). The NANN tends to the instructive needs and practices inside neonatal nursing and claim to fame. Hence, individuals profit by the portrayal given by the association. The NANN is like different affiliations just in that it is focused on improving the instructive needs and forte of neonatal medical attendants. Additionally, it investigates different methods for instructing neonatal attendants by concentrating on peer audited distributions, instructive gatherings, books, and other enlightening materials in the neonatal practice. The administrators of these affiliations are instrumental main impetuses in accomplishing the objectives and missions of the gathering. For instance, the chiefs guarantee they hold yearly gatherings to assess the advancement. All things considered, they can manufacture a path forward in actualizing all the conversations. Besides, there are dealings with overseeing bodies which remember Congress and governments for executing the expressed cases. Thirdly, these affiliations assemble data through examination to guarantee the training is being improved with time. Without such angles, the nursing affiliations are not liable to check an improvement in their individual work gatherings. So as to arrive at an aggregate deal, there are different components that are powerful. Initially, laborers are permitted to join any relationship of their decision as long as it doesn't influence their administration conveyance (Carter et al., 2010). This is sacred, and medical attendants are permitted to join any gathering that will encourage them to accomplish their objectives. Furthermore, a large portion of the medical attendants want to join these relationship since they increase the value of the attendants. For instance, the need to improve the administration conveyance pushes the medical caretakers to join these gatherings for extra training. Thirdly, the nursing affiliations upgrade the privileges of medical attendants at their work place. In this manner, medical caretakers join these

Global Marketing Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Worldwide Marketing Communication - Essay Example Worldwide Marketing Communication is helped a lot by how this article has been written down. What this proposes is the way that the worldwide promoting correspondence domains are helped at this point the new types of web based life are united, and how these typify the premise of understanding that is reached upon by the individuals who will realize the essential changes and advancements. The universe of viral media is a leaf out of the worldwide promoting correspondence hypothesis where the accentuation is on taking care of business and that too in a fast way. There is accentuation on how this worldwide advertising correspondence hypothesis is gotten by the crowds in dispersed spots of the earth and how linkage is created whereby they can communicate with each other on the snap of a mouse or through the stroke of a key4. There are various understandings that can be deciphered by the individuals who mean pretty much everything for this new type of business, and how this will acquire a ccomplishment for the universe of viral media. The worldwide advertising correspondence is such an expansive idea, that it thinks about the qualities of the informal communication apparatuses and the way under which there are satisfactory advancements can be made, which are all referenced in a capable limit in this article. Commitment remains the key inside the worldwide showcasing correspondence hypothesis and this has been underlined upon finally through the reins of this article5. What is significantly all the more intriguing is the way that innovativeness wins the contention pass on and causes the individuals to understand the genuine capability of the universe of Internet and its related structures †a perspective that has been contacted profoundly by the hypothesis of worldwide promoting correspondence. Fundamentally, a lot of understanding is conceived from the domains of worldwide... What this proposes is the way that the worldwide promoting correspondence domains are helped at this point the new types of internet based life are united, and how these epitomize the premise of understanding that is reached upon by the individuals who will realize the imperative changes and advancements. The universe of viral media is a leaf out of the worldwide promoting correspondence hypothesis where the accentuation is on taking care of business and that too in a snappy way. There is accentuation on how this worldwide promoting correspondence hypothesis is gotten by the crowds in dispersed spots of the earth and how linkage is created whereby they can interface with each other on the snap of a mouse or through the stroke of a key. There are various understandings that can be deciphered by the individuals who mean pretty much everything for this new type of business, and how this will acquire accomplishment for the universe of viral media. The worldwide promoting correspondence i s such a wide idea, that it mulls over the qualities of the interpersonal interaction instruments and the way under which there are sufficient advancements can be made, which are all referenced in a capable limit in this article.â Engagement remains the key inside the worldwide showcasing correspondence hypothesis and this has been underlined upon finally through the reins of this article. These are significant endeavors that the hypothesis of worldwide showcasing correspondence needs to acknowledge to get the best accessible piece of the pie over the long haul plan of things.â

sibling dynamics at MIT

sibling dynamics at MIT A little while ago, I got my first(?) mention on MIT Confessions, and exploded with laughter in the middle of my physics lecture as soon as i saw it: I thought OP probably was a reader of the blogs, because if you know either Nisha or me in real lifeâ€"even tangentiallyâ€"you’d probably realize that we’re related. More than a few people have approached me assuming that I’m Nisha, and I hear “Ankita, I thought I saw you at East Campus but realized it wasn’t you” nearly every other week. Well, it turns out that looking like twins, being from the same small state, and having the same damn last name isn’t enoughâ€"at a blogger meeting, we were laughing about the confession, and a Blogger Who Must Not Be Named came to the realization that Nisha and I are, indeed, sisters. As unprompted as this epiphany should have been, I’m actually pretty happy that they had no idea of this fact; clearly, I’m doing a decent job of distinguishing myself…? PROOF! To be fair, we’re completely different. I’m more outgoing and extra, while she’s more laidback and chill. I’m chaotic and memey, and she’sa functioning adult, I guess?? I dance and she fences, and we live on opposite sides of campus, so our social circles barely overlap. In fact, our lives don’t overlap much; I’ve bumped into Nisha around campus a grand total of three times in all these months here. This is nothing but reassuring to me. When I was considering going to MIT, I was afraid of being “Nisha’s little sister” forever; we’ve been going to the same school for most of our lives, so I wanted to finally separate myself from her in college. With good reasonâ€"in high school, we both were captains of the math team and quiz bowl teams and presidents of the Japanese Club; we took the same classes and had the same teachers and guidance counselor. The impressions most people had of me were shaped by Nisha, which was never a bad thing, just frustrating. I desperately wanted to distinguish myself in some way, but I always felt that she was better than me at math and Japanese and writing and quiz bowl and everything else I was passionate about.   And as a result, I was really fucking insecure. I trudged through high school with the belief that everyone was comparing me to my sister and pointing out my inadequacies. When I finally applied to MIT, I told myself not to expect too much since I was an inferior carbon copy of her: Nisha, but more random, irrelevant hobbies and less STEM; Nisha, but notably less accomplished. And as soon as I got in, I was accosted by a lurking suspicion that it was because of sibling legacy.01 spoiler alert: this is not a thing It was a strange and unsettling brand of imposter syndrome. It plagued my thoughts for a while, but when I thrust myself into the world of adMITtance (aka the MIT Class of 2023 Facebook group), I stopped thinking about it. My perspective hasn’t changed since thenâ€"who cares if I belong here or not, I was admitted, so I’m intent on making the most of it. Here at MIT, we’re [hopefully] all so busy getting work done that we don’t have time for high school-esque drama or petty judgments of others’ success. Hell, I definitely don’t have time for sibling trauma anymorenot that I give a damn about making comparisons between Nisha and I since we’re pursuing such different things.   My metrics for success have entirely changed. I’m my own person now! I have a different set of activities and classes and friends, and it’s wonderful. I can’t say I’ve become much less reliant on Nisha since I ask her for advice pretty often, but heyâ€"what are older sisters for?   I’m really proud of Nisha for all her accomplishments, and I’m glad that she’s found her space here. I’m grateful for how supportive she is; even though she criticizes a significant number of my life choices, I know she has my best interests in mind. It’s great to be able to rely on someone on campus, but it’s also great that I’ve formed my own identity here.   OP, hope that answers your question :) back to text ?

Driving Under The Influence - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 796 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Drunk Driving Essay Did you like this example? Driving under the influence has affected many peoples lives and families in many horrible ways. In this paper I am going to be talking about the problems of drinking and driving and it should concern people on the road. Drinking and driving is one of the most dangerous situations you can put yourself in or anyone else on the road. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Driving Under The Influence" essay for you Create order Drinking under the influence isnt just putting yourself in danger, it is also putting everyone else around you as well. Your passengers and the pedestrians outside of the vehicle are in dangerous just has much you are. According to the statistics by the article Eliminating Drunk Driving Creates Repressive Laws Over the past 10 years, one quarter of a million Americans have lost their lives in alcohol related automobile crashes. There are many ways to prevent drunk driving, one way to reduce drunk driving is to raise the penalties for drunk driving offenses. All the terrify stories of people losing their lives or families will come to an end. The loss of innocent lives can be prevented, and the other alcohol criminal activities would be decreased because of the difference of the aggressive laws towards driving under the influence. Getting in a vehicle after consuming alcohol, affects the function of the brain and it is not an accident. Driving under the influence is a lack of responsibility, anyone that consumes alcohol should take the responsibility for themselves and for the innocent people drivers on the road. It is time for laws and consequences for driving under the influence to become more strengthen for people can think twice before driving after drinking. The current laws are not strict enough which allows people too still drive under the influence. In the article Sanction changes and drunk-driving injuries/deaths in Taiwan has the statistics that driving under the influence is one of the major causes traffic accidents in Taiwan. About 20% of deaths are due to alcohol crashes. The Authorities had increased the fine and jail penalties for three times in the years from 2006 to 2014. The statistics from this change had changed monthly drunk-driving to decrease 40% and the 80% for death drop for alcohol accidents. In this article, it shows that changes can be made to stop or decrease the amount of injuries or deaths that are caused by drunk driving. The statutory changes that were made in Taiwan had significantly seen a difference in injuries and deaths caused by drunk driving. Driving under the influence has gotten to be a common event among the youthful individuals and college students. Driving under the influence generally happens after going to parties or when drinking on uncommon events. Most of the adolescent mishaps are related to liquor; liquor causes more than 60% of all high school car mischances. Underage adults who drink whereas driving put their lives at hazard whereas driving beneath the impact of liquor. The legal age for dinking should not be lowered, teens that are under 21 do not have the responsibility to get intoxicated and have the right to drive. The statistics from the article Activities and Situations When Young Adults Drive Drunk in Rural Montana state that in 2012 young adults the age 21-34 killed from alcohol crashes was the highest 3 times over the nation average. Most Young adults go out to parties or to a friends house and drive home after they had a couple beers or completing drunk. This shows that there should be a way to prevent people to making this bad decision to drive after that acquired alcohol in their system causing to put others in harm and themselves. Some of the best strategies for minimizing some of the negative effects of drunk driving are important. We must inform people about these effects and about the serious consequences of drinking while driving. Through education, many people realize the danger of drinking while driving. Alcohol is the most ads appearing on television to this day. It shows on the most viewing tv channels such as sports and radio stations. Alcohol consumption is leading to people death and it is coming from ads that all allowing people to drink more. The author sub-points in this article are showing the death rates that are coming from alcohol, nearly 88,000 people die from alcohol which is making it the forth preventable death in the united states. The BAC percentages for someone that is 21 years old or older is 0.08% or higher that will count to be has a DUI. If you are younger than 21 years old 0.01% or higher is to be count towards a DUI. The statistics had shown that lower the BAC to 0.05% has reduce the frequency in fatal crashes. For the person that wants to drive after drinking, even after having one alcohol beverage it stills puts you impaired to being intoxicated.

Quality Assurance in Nursing - 3805 Words

QUALITY ASSURANCE IN NURSING INTRODUCTION: Quality control is a specific type of controlling refers to activities that evaluate, monitor or regulate serves provided to consumers .in nursing the goal of quality care would be to ensure quality while giving nursing care to the clients as per nursing care plan. HISTORICAL ASPECTS: The field of quality assurance is an old as modern. Florence nightingale introduced the concept of quality in nursing care in 1855 while attending the soldiers in hospital during the Crimean war. It is a matter of pride for nurses that the nursing profession has attained a distinct position in the search for quality in health care. DEFINIATIONS: QUALITY: Quality is defined as the extent of resemblance between the†¦show more content†¦Maintaining record of care. THE PURPOSES OF PUBLISHING, CIRCULATING AND ENFORCING NURSING CARE STANDARDS ARE TO: (a) Improve the quality of nursing care, (b) Decrease the cost of nursing and (c) Determine the nursing negligence. CHARACTERISTICS: The characteristics of standards, which undo those standards 1. Statement must be broad enough to apply to a wide variety of settings. 2. Must be realistic, acceptable attainable 3. Of nursing care must be developed by members of the nursing profession: preferable nurses practicing at the direct care level with consultation of experts in the domain. 4. Should be phrased in positive terms and indicate acceptable performance, i.e. well, excellence etc. 5. Of nursing care must express what is desirable optional level. 6. Must be understandable and stated in unambiguous terms 7. Must be based on current knowledge and scientific practice. 8. Must be reviewed and revised periodically. 9. May be directed towards an ideal, i.e. optional standards or may only specify the minimal care that be attained, i.e. minimum standard and one must remember that standards that work are objective, acceptable achievable and flexible. SOURCES: It is generally accepted that standards should be based on agreed up achievable level of performance considered proper and adequate for specific purposes. The standards can be established, developed, reviewed or enforced by variety ofShow MoreRelatedEvaluation Of A Patient Develops Pressure Ulcers1497 Words   |  6 Pagesthe dialogue between the nurses and the surgeons, it was necessary to delve into the quality management method that were utilized in the hospital. Anytime a patient develops pressure ulcers, it is a sign of negligence in most cases. The surgeons are knowledgeable in knowing that the skin will breakdown with prolonged decreased bed mobility. Consequently, having a meeting to discuss changes in the quality assurance management methods is an indicator that there were some deficits in the delivery ofRead MoreA Research On The Field Of Nursing880 Words   |  4 Pagesparent, and all a parent wants is a good nurse. I have chosen to pursue a career in the field of nursi ng, with a focus in pediatrics. Pediatrics is branch of medical care dealing with matters related to children. It is the responsibility of a registered nurse in any field to ensure that quality assurance procedures are precisely applied and followed during all phases of patient care. Quality assurance procedures are deliberate procedures that have been established to significantly decrease the incidenceRead MoreNurses As Leaders For Quality Improvement Initiatives1143 Words   |  5 PagesNurses as leaders in quality improvement initiatives In the evolving health care environment, a guiding policy and personnel planning is required with respect to the numbers, types and mix of professionals. To overcome the challenges of the existing health care system and practice environment, â€Å"nurses need to be well educated, team oriented, adaptable and able to apply competencies relevant to leadership† (The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health, 2011, p. 270). Health care systemRead MoreQuality Assurance Nurse At Kensington Place Located At 3405 S993 Words   |  4 Pagescare interview, I conduct an interview with Ayanna Randle Banks she is Quality Assurance Nurse at Kensington Place located at 3405 S. Michigan, Chicago IL. Kensington Place is a nursing home and rehabilitation facility. She has worked at Kensington Place for three years and was recently promoted to a Quality Assurance Nurse. As a Quality Assurance Nurse, she works to the review of clinical cases that may be related to quality of care i ssues identified by appeals and grievance process, adverse eventsRead MoreWestern Surgical Specialist Incorporated Does Business As Coastal Surgical Institute ( Csi ) Essay948 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Administrator: Director of Nursing, the Pathology Lab, and the Anesthesia Services. The structure of CSI follows Mintzberg’s five-sector model (Bolman Deal, 2008) in that it is a top-down organization with a clear strategic apex consisting of the governing body of CSI. This administrative component funnels down to the Medical Executive Committee and ultimately the Director of Nursing who is directly in charge of the operating core, which consists of the nursing staff. The technostructure seemsRead MoreProfessional Profile: Nursing Essay1364 Words   |  6 PagesAs a registered nurse Mary has been working in the hospital setting and the rest home. All her working life so far was connected to the elderly care. Her current role is a hospital nurse in the geriatric recovery ward. Most of Mary’s work is basic nursing care for elderly people (65 years old and over) after surgeries, rehabilitation. Also they provide palliative care for people in the end of their lives. Mary and her colleagues are involved in doing blood transfusions, wound dressings, administeringRead MoreThe Impact of Systems Theory and Diffusion of Innovation Theory on Healthcare1224 Words   |  5 Pagesadoption of specific clinical behaviours and when deciding which components will require additional effort if diffusion is to occur (Sanson-Fischer 2004). In the field of nursing, both theories have been used to advance the ability of nurses to improve human health. Systems theory has been very useful in enabling nursing to become more multicultural in its perspective, such as when treating members of indigenous or collectively-oriented cultures that have different perspectives of health and theRead MoreQuality Of Quality And Safety863 Words   |  4 PagesManaging quality and safety is vital in order to deliver effective healthcare today. Unfortunately, very little is known about the quality of care due to the fact that there are a variety of definitions used for the term quality (Stanhope Lancaster, 2014). This paper will discuss quality management in this country’s healthcare system, some approaches used for quality improvement, as well as the perspectives of quality healthcare from healthcare professionals and clients. Defining Quality HealthcareRead MoreThe Importance Of The College Of Nurses And Self Regulation989 Words   |  4 PagesSince October 1963 the nursing profession has been self-regulated in Ontario by The College of Nurses. Self-regulation and The College of Nurses work together to support nurses while setting the guidelines for the practice, while enforcing the rules and regulations with the goal of protecting the public interest. In this paper I will discuss the importance of The College of Nurses and self-regulation, what I have learned about them and how I use them in my clinical practice. What have you learnedRead MoreEvidence Based ( Ebp ) Facility Assignment Essay1518 Words   |  7 PagesEvidence-Based (EBP) Facility Assignment 1. Do you currently use EBP in your nursing practice? Evidence-based practice are methods that have been tested with rigorous and countless scientific and research trials that validate the medical treatment and utilizes the best possible treatment approach known today. I use evidence-based practice in my nursing practice by utilizing standardized tests as much as possible to ascertain the problem areas, research what treatments have been demonstrated to

Participatory sensing services for smart phones Free Essays

1. Motivation In modern society, environmental pollution is usually a headache for citizens, especially those who live in the urban areas. Many researches have shown that there is a direct link between environmental pollution and health effects. We will write a custom essay sample on Participatory sensing services for smart phones or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the last two decades, the overall environment quality has improved. However, there is still a concern about environmental pollution in the urban areas. Citizens, especially the elderly and children, are vulnerable to the effects of environmental pollution. Nowadays, the latest technologies in the wireless field provide an innovative approach for the citizens to access the information about environmental pollution. With over 3 billion subscriber lines active today, nearly half the world’s population uses mobile phones [1]. Given the right structure, the ubiquitous mobile devices could act as sensor nodes, capable of capturing, classifying, and transmitting environmental data, such as image, acoustic, and temperature. In the foreseeable future, other sensors may be embedded in or connect wirelessly to the mobile phones to gather information about air pollutants, like CO2, NO2 and SO2. Participatory sending can employ a variety of devices to collect data; however, some special characteristics of mobile phones enable them to be an unprecedented tool for engaging participants in sensing their local environment. The sheer ubiquity across the geographic and demographic spectrum and the broad proliferation of cellular infrastructure and mobile phone usage make it possible to collect data over large areas for little incremental cost. Participatory sensing will utilize current wireless network, which consists numerous mobile phones, to form a vast interactive participatory sensor network that enables professional users and lay public to gather, analyze and share environment information [2]. Citizens, especially the elderly, children, urban commuters, urban office workers and students, will benefit from such a revolutionary technology. 2. Background In virtue of the rosy prospect and importance of participatory sensing, there are more and more research institutes engaging in this field. The concept of PES has been proposed in recent years (Karatzas, 2005; Burke et al., 2006; Goldman et al., 2009), and related projects have been in development around the world, especially in the USA and Europe [3]. PEIR, one of the most successful participatory sensing projects, is research collaboration between CENS, UCLA and Nokia. It makes use of Internet to allow citizens to use their mobile phones to interact with PEIR, and explore and share the impact between environment and the citizens. PEIR senses pollution by using existing infrastructure without user intervention and emphasizes how individual transportation choices simultaneously influence both environmental impact and exposure, which makes it different from other existing carbon footprint calculators [4]. Eye on Earth project of the European Environment Agency is a two-way communication platform on the environment. It has introduced the participation of millions of ordinary people to create the first environmental portal that includes citizens’ observations on air and bathing water quality at present. Eye on Earth aims to gradually include information on many other environmental topics and grow to a global observatory for environmental change [5]. MESSAGE is to provide data collecting through three sensor platforms for the planning, management and control of the environmental impacts of transport activity at urban, regional and national level. Mobile phones are investigated to support a sensing system, in which people play an important role [6]. In addition to the projects introduced above, other participatory sensing projects have also appeared, such as Living Environments, Citysense, Common Sense, Envitori and MIMAQ [3]. A lot of evidences have shown that new intuitive ways of interactions and user friendly context aware service can be introduced by various sensors in mobile phones. Therefore, mostly specialized sensors were applied in participatory sensing. Some projects also suggest that standard sensors already embedded in the mobile phones can be used for this. Overall, there are a variety of participatory sensing projects, and they can be divided into three categories according to the participation patterns [1]: Collective Design and Investigation. A group of individuals work together to decide where, what and why to sense. Then a data collection system is collectively designed, and an investigation is conducted. The group interprets the data and acts on the results. An evident feature of this participatory pattern is that the community of participants owns the entire process. Instead of serving merely research subjects, individuals play an active role in the investigative process. Public contribution. Individuals or organizations define inquiries and then other individuals collect data in respond to such inquiries. In this case, participants actively engage in the data collection and make contributions to an effort they find meaningful. For organizers, they can gather as many data as possible at a scale unachievable by professionals acting alone. Personal Use and Reflection. Individuals log information about themselves, like images, sounds and so on. Such recorded information may reveal hidden habits and patterns in one’s life after analyzed and visualized. Participants use the results for personal discovery to reflect on, evaluate, and perhaps change patterns that were previously overlooked. 3. Methods Data collection and interpretation are the heart of participatory sensing which places the emphasis on the involvement of citizens and community groups. In spite of participation patterns, the basic process for every participatory sensing project is similar, and it can be broken down into the following eight steps: coordination, capture, transfer, storage, access, analysis, feedback and visualization [1]. Coordination explains the sensing effort to the participants and provides necessary guidance to them. Capture is the collection of data on a mobile phone, which is the core step of participatory sensing. Data can be captured by the existing sensors already embedded in the mobile phones or by those specialized sensors connecting wirelessly to the mobile phones. In the course of data collection, the credibility of data must be guaranteed. More significantly, data about geographical position and time must be captured every time. Transfer is processed automatically by mobile phones via wireless network. Mobile phone software takes the responsibility of uploading data and makes it transparent to the participants. Furthermore, mobile phone software should be tolerant of inevitable network interruptions. Storage takes place on servers which are distributed remotely in the Internet. Access is under the control of project organizers and participants according to the privacy policy. Due to the possible disclosure of private information about the participants, it is of vital importance for the participants to determine what information to share and with whom. Analysis includes various data-processing methods, the calculation of group statistics and the integration of contributed data into statistical and spatial models that can be used to determine patterns in space and time. Feedback may be required in the event of a project triggering manual or automatic events. Visualization is closely related to the analysis. It is the step to present the contributed data after analysis. In some sense, well-designed visualization increases the applicability of a participatory sensing project. The project of Participatory sensing services for smart phones can be divided into two collaborative subprojects based on the Android platform, one focusing on data gathering and the other one dealing with the data processing and visualization. We take the responsibility for presenting data in some friendly and easy-understandable way. Thus the data analysis and visualization are the center of our work. For the subproject of data processing and visualization, we have to deal with data and services. In the assumption that the contributed data are already available and their credibility has been verified, we get data via a server-based application which acts as a data storage. This server-based application will provide web service interfaces for data access. Thus WSDL language for web services will be utilized to develop an Android-based application with the aid of development environments like Eclipse. There are a wide variety of available solutions to make use of web services via Android, and the solution to use ksoap2 will be suitable for our project. The data accessed via web services can be classified into two kinds: subjective data and objective data. Subjective data: a categorization of the quality of the environment. They are feedback commented and reported by the citizens on the air quality. We intend to make use of the EEA categorization for air pollution, which is applicable on http://www.eyeonearth.eu/. Objective data: in the form of numeric values. They are automatically captured by the sensors or reported manually by the users. Images, sound, location and time are objective data. All data processed in the frame of participatory sensing project will include the following three categories of information: Georeference. Geographical position and time is extremely important for participatory sensing, and forms the cornerstone of the follow-up work. User categories. At the initial stage, our project will serve the urban commuters, office workers, students and the elderly. Other categories of users are possibly added if necessary at the later stage. We allocate every user group a unique ID, which will be used to identify the category which the users belong to. Furthermore, category ID will be used to send a request to the server which involves user category. Thematic profiling. Our project is to process information about environment and we aim to deal with air pollution, odors, noise, traffic congestion and waste. In order to present the result of the contributed data to the participants in a user-friendly and easy-understandable way, GMap API may be utilized to map the georeference and thematic profiling, which will provide an interactive feature between our project and participants. Due to the distinct flexibility, Modest Maps API is an alternative to achieve the same goal. 4. Metrics for evaluation To encourage the handset owners to participate in our project, privacy protection policy has to be taken into account to prevent privacy disclosure. One of the basic rules is that participants cannot access other people’s private information, and such an attempt should be denied. Furthermore, the data visualization should be easily and readily comprehended or understood not only by the professional users but also by the general public. In some sense, the degree of understandability of data presentation determines the scope of applicability of participatory sensing. Another metric related to the visualization is that the users are able to customize the configuration to present what they want. With regard to air quality, if the concentration of air pollutants detected does not fall into the scope which is safe and suitable for humankind, the participants should receive a warning, so that they can take actions to avoid being harmed. Due to regional differences, different air pollution standards are applied in different areas. 5. Outputs The output of our project is an application running on the Android platform. Interested people can download it from the Internet and install it in their Android phones to access the information about environment surrounding them. 6. Workplan The rough time schedule of our project is listed below, including the milestones and corresponding estimated completion dates. In table 1, some stages may overlap with others. In the course of project development, the time schedule may be changed according to specific situation. Milestone Anticipated completion date Analyze the project and do literary reviewFebruary 28, 2011 Define the project scopeFebruary 28, 2011 Write the research proposalMarch 23, 2011 Study mobile phone programming techniquesMay 27, 2011 Make a plan for the projectMay 28, 2011 Implement the projectJuly 28, 2011 Test the projectAugust 3, 2011 Take field trialsAugust 5, 2011 Deliver the projectAugust 8, 2011 Complete the dissertationAugust 19, 2011 7. References [1] J. Goldman, K. Shilton, J. Burke, D. Estrin, M. Hansen, N. Ramanathan, S. Reddy, V. Samanta, M. Srivastava, R. West, â€Å"Participatory Sensing: A citizen-powered approach to illuminating the patterns that shape our world† [2] J. Burke, D. Estrin, M. Hansen, A. Parker, N. Ramanathan, S. Reddy, M. B. Srivastava, â€Å"Participatory Sensing† [3] https://projects.inf.ed.ac.uk/msc/project?number=P165 [4] http://urban.cens.ucla.edu/projects/peir [5] http://www.eyeonearth.eu/About.aspx?culture=en-GB [6] http://bioinf.ncl.ac.uk/message/?q=node/5 How to cite Participatory sensing services for smart phones, Essay examples Participatory sensing services for smart phones Free Essays 1. Motivation In modern society, environmental pollution is usually a headache for citizens, especially those who live in the urban areas. Many researches have shown that there is a direct link between environmental pollution and health effects. We will write a custom essay sample on Participatory sensing services for smart phones or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the last two decades, the overall environment quality has improved. However, there is still a concern about environmental pollution in the urban areas. Citizens, especially the elderly and children, are vulnerable to the effects of environmental pollution. Nowadays, the latest technologies in the wireless field provide an innovative approach for the citizens to access the information about environmental pollution. With over 3 billion subscriber lines active today, nearly half the world’s population uses mobile phones [1]. Given the right structure, the ubiquitous mobile devices could act as sensor nodes, capable of capturing, classifying, and transmitting environmental data, such as image, acoustic, and temperature. In the foreseeable future, other sensors may be embedded in or connect wirelessly to the mobile phones to gather information about air pollutants, like CO2, NO2 and SO2. Participatory sending can employ a variety of devices to collect data; however, some special characteristics of mobile phones enable them to be an unprecedented tool for engaging participants in sensing their local environment. The sheer ubiquity across the geographic and demographic spectrum and the broad proliferation of cellular infrastructure and mobile phone usage make it possible to collect data over large areas for little incremental cost. Participatory sensing will utilize current wireless network, which consists numerous mobile phones, to form a vast interactive participatory sensor network that enables professional users and lay public to gather, analyze and share environment information [2]. Citizens, especially the elderly, children, urban commuters, urban office workers and students, will benefit from such a revolutionary technology. 2. Background In virtue of the rosy prospect and importance of participatory sensing, there are more and more research institutes engaging in this field. The concept of PES has been proposed in recent years (Karatzas, 2005; Burke et al., 2006; Goldman et al., 2009), and related projects have been in development around the world, especially in the USA and Europe [3]. PEIR, one of the most successful participatory sensing projects, is research collaboration between CENS, UCLA and Nokia. It makes use of Internet to allow citizens to use their mobile phones to interact with PEIR, and explore and share the impact between environment and the citizens. PEIR senses pollution by using existing infrastructure without user intervention and emphasizes how individual transportation choices simultaneously influence both environmental impact and exposure, which makes it different from other existing carbon footprint calculators [4]. Eye on Earth project of the European Environment Agency is a two-way communication platform on the environment. It has introduced the participation of millions of ordinary people to create the first environmental portal that includes citizens’ observations on air and bathing water quality at present. Eye on Earth aims to gradually include information on many other environmental topics and grow to a global observatory for environmental change [5]. MESSAGE is to provide data collecting through three sensor platforms for the planning, management and control of the environmental impacts of transport activity at urban, regional and national level. Mobile phones are investigated to support a sensing system, in which people play an important role [6]. In addition to the projects introduced above, other participatory sensing projects have also appeared, such as Living Environments, Citysense, Common Sense, Envitori and MIMAQ [3]. A lot of evidences have shown that new intuitive ways of interactions and user friendly context aware service can be introduced by various sensors in mobile phones. Therefore, mostly specialized sensors were applied in participatory sensing. Some projects also suggest that standard sensors already embedded in the mobile phones can be used for this. Overall, there are a variety of participatory sensing projects, and they can be divided into three categories according to the participation patterns [1]: Collective Design and Investigation. A group of individuals work together to decide where, what and why to sense. Then a data collection system is collectively designed, and an investigation is conducted. The group interprets the data and acts on the results. An evident feature of this participatory pattern is that the community of participants owns the entire process. Instead of serving merely research subjects, individuals play an active role in the investigative process. Public contribution. Individuals or organizations define inquiries and then other individuals collect data in respond to such inquiries. In this case, participants actively engage in the data collection and make contributions to an effort they find meaningful. For organizers, they can gather as many data as possible at a scale unachievable by professionals acting alone. Personal Use and Reflection. Individuals log information about themselves, like images, sounds and so on. Such recorded information may reveal hidden habits and patterns in one’s life after analyzed and visualized. Participants use the results for personal discovery to reflect on, evaluate, and perhaps change patterns that were previously overlooked. 3. Methods Data collection and interpretation are the heart of participatory sensing which places the emphasis on the involvement of citizens and community groups. In spite of participation patterns, the basic process for every participatory sensing project is similar, and it can be broken down into the following eight steps: coordination, capture, transfer, storage, access, analysis, feedback and visualization [1]. Coordination explains the sensing effort to the participants and provides necessary guidance to them. Capture is the collection of data on a mobile phone, which is the core step of participatory sensing. Data can be captured by the existing sensors already embedded in the mobile phones or by those specialized sensors connecting wirelessly to the mobile phones. In the course of data collection, the credibility of data must be guaranteed. More significantly, data about geographical position and time must be captured every time. Transfer is processed automatically by mobile phones via wireless network. Mobile phone software takes the responsibility of uploading data and makes it transparent to the participants. Furthermore, mobile phone software should be tolerant of inevitable network interruptions. Storage takes place on servers which are distributed remotely in the Internet. Access is under the control of project organizers and participants according to the privacy policy. Due to the possible disclosure of private information about the participants, it is of vital importance for the participants to determine what information to share and with whom. Analysis includes various data-processing methods, the calculation of group statistics and the integration of contributed data into statistical and spatial models that can be used to determine patterns in space and time. Feedback may be required in the event of a project triggering manual or automatic events. Visualization is closely related to the analysis. It is the step to present the contributed data after analysis. In some sense, well-designed visualization increases the applicability of a participatory sensing project. The project of Participatory sensing services for smart phones can be divided into two collaborative subprojects based on the Android platform, one focusing on data gathering and the other one dealing with the data processing and visualization. We take the responsibility for presenting data in some friendly and easy-understandable way. Thus the data analysis and visualization are the center of our work. For the subproject of data processing and visualization, we have to deal with data and services. In the assumption that the contributed data are already available and their credibility has been verified, we get data via a server-based application which acts as a data storage. This server-based application will provide web service interfaces for data access. Thus WSDL language for web services will be utilized to develop an Android-based application with the aid of development environments like Eclipse. There are a wide variety of available solutions to make use of web services via Android, and the solution to use ksoap2 will be suitable for our project. The data accessed via web services can be classified into two kinds: subjective data and objective data. Subjective data: a categorization of the quality of the environment. They are feedback commented and reported by the citizens on the air quality. We intend to make use of the EEA categorization for air pollution, which is applicable on http://www.eyeonearth.eu/. Objective data: in the form of numeric values. They are automatically captured by the sensors or reported manually by the users. Images, sound, location and time are objective data. All data processed in the frame of participatory sensing project will include the following three categories of information: Georeference. Geographical position and time is extremely important for participatory sensing, and forms the cornerstone of the follow-up work. User categories. At the initial stage, our project will serve the urban commuters, office workers, students and the elderly. Other categories of users are possibly added if necessary at the later stage. We allocate every user group a unique ID, which will be used to identify the category which the users belong to. Furthermore, category ID will be used to send a request to the server which involves user category. Thematic profiling. Our project is to process information about environment and we aim to deal with air pollution, odors, noise, traffic congestion and waste. In order to present the result of the contributed data to the participants in a user-friendly and easy-understandable way, GMap API may be utilized to map the georeference and thematic profiling, which will provide an interactive feature between our project and participants. Due to the distinct flexibility, Modest Maps API is an alternative to achieve the same goal. 4.Metrics for evaluation To encourage the handset owners to participate in our project, privacy protection policy has to be taken into account to prevent privacy disclosure. One of the basic rules is that participants cannot access other people’s private information, and such an attempt should be denied. Furthermore, the data visualization should be easily and readily comprehended or understood not only by the professional users but also by the general public. In some sense, the degree of understandability of data presentation determines the scope of applicability of participatory sensing. Another metric related to the visualization is that the users are able to customize the configuration to present what they want. With regard to air quality, if the concentration of air pollutants detected does not fall into the scope which is safe and suitable for humankind, the participants should receive a warning, so that they can take actions to avoid being harmed. Due to regional differences, different air pollution standards are applied in different areas. 5. Outputs The output of our project is an application running on the Android platform. Interested people can download it from the Internet and install it in their Android phones to access the information about environment surrounding them. 6. Workplan The rough time schedule of our project is listed below, including the milestones and corresponding estimated completion dates. In table 1, some stages may overlap with others. In the course of project development, the time schedule may be changed according to specific situation. Milestone Anticipated completion date Analyze the project and do literary reviewFebruary 28, 2011 Define the project scopeFebruary 28, 2011 Write the research proposalMarch 23, 2011 Study mobile phone programming techniquesMay 27, 2011 Make a plan for the projectMay 28, 2011 Implement the projectJuly 28, 2011 Test the projectAugust 3, 2011 Take field trialsAugust 5, 2011 Deliver the projectAugust 8, 2011 Complete the dissertationAugust 19, 2011 References J. Goldman, K. Shilton, J. Burke, D. Estrin, M. Hansen, N. Ramanathan, S. Reddy, V. Samanta, M. Srivastava, R. West, â€Å"Participatory Sensing: A citizen-powered approach to illuminating the patterns that shape our world† J. Burke, D. Estrin, M. Hansen, A. Parker, N. Ramanathan, S. Reddy, M. B. Srivastava, â€Å"Participatory Sensing† https://projects.inf.ed.ac.uk/msc/project?number=P165 http://urban.cens.ucla.edu/projects/peir http://www.eyeonearth.eu/About.aspx?culture=en-GB http://bioinf.ncl.ac.uk/message/?q=node/5 How to cite Participatory sensing services for smart phones, Essay examples

Impact on Productivity or Information System †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Impact on Productivity or Information System. Answer: Introduction: The following report is all about enterprise social networks with the query that it provides increase in production or information overload. Social media has played an important role in the work place of various organizations (Aral, Brynjolfsson and Van Alstyne, 2012). A report stated that ESN is expected to be implemented in more than 70% of the organization by the year 2017 (Oldroyd and Morris, 2012). ESN helps in increasing the knowledge of various workers working in different organization round the globe. Enterprise Social Network (ESN) promotes certain action like accelerating innovation, improving creativeness and developing productivity and performance of various companies. It also reduces the problem of information overload for their employees which is caused by many messages and which results in full inbox. Information overload not only results in causing stress and bad decision making on the contrary it also increases drain of employees (Oldroyd and Morris, 2012). ESN can aim to increase productivity and decrease the overload of information while on the contrary in some cases it can be stressful and time consuming to the employees of various firms (Aral, Brynjolfsson and Van Alstyne, 2012). In some cases, ESN may increase the overload of information as many users perform various activities through new inputs and edits on the provided platform. Conclusion From the above discussion it can be concluded that ESN plays a vital role in improving the efficiency of various organization in some cases while on the contrary in some cases in can overloading of information which ultimately leads to drainage of employee productivity. ESN mainly aims to reduce the information overload for various employees of a company. The impact of different forms of ESN usage and its impact on productivity or information overload has been discussed in the report. Reference Aral, S., Brynjolfsson, E. and Van Alstyne, M., 2012. Information, technology, and information worker productivity.Information Systems Research,23(3-part-2), pp.849-867. Oldroyd, J.B. and Morris, S.S., 2012. Catching falling stars: A human resource response to social capital's detrimental effect of information overload on star employees.Academy of Management Review,37(3), pp.396-418.

Malaysian Economics free essay sample

This paper examines the economic development of the nation of Malaysia in the years after independence in 1957 until the present. (more)

Kindred in 3rd Person essays

Kindred in 3rd Person essays In the novel Kindred by Octavia Butler we see the first hand events of an African American woman from California in the 1970s travel to the antebellum south in the 19th century. This novel then can be called a slave narrative witch is a first hand account of a slaves life. These are done in a first person perspective for the reason that it is the slave who is merely telling their life. Yet what would happen to the power, which is put in this novel if the perspective was change from the one who experienced the events to someone who saw the events unfold? To change from the first person to the third person. This could only have one of two out come one would be that it would only make the novel better by allowing the reader to see all that the author wants them to see the other is that it could make the novel worse by confusing the reader. Both of these outcomes could occur and yet it would also seam that niter could happen and that it would not change the effectiveness of the novel to show the authors point. Yet what is the authors point? It is simple to see that the author is trying to show that people can do things that today are considered morally wrong and evil and yet these people fell that they are doing noting wrong. This is easily show with the first person perspective of Dana by her encounter with her ancestors of Tom and Rufus Weylin. She is treated badly like a slave and yet both of theses men find that they are still good men even though they do what they do to their slaves. This is a third person perspective for Dana witnessed all of the things that were done to these slaves and yet it was also a first person perspective for it was Dana who saw these events and it is her memory. Dana herself also has to endure the horrors of slavery in the time that she spends in the antebellum south. Yet what if all of this was to be in the third person it would have a much different affect on the reader ...

BUSINESS STRATEGY Company case report (written document) Essay

BUSINESS STRATEGY Company case report (written document) - Essay Example It was also the first company to offer the well-known curry chicken in a canned form that was convenient. Currently, the company produces a range of Asian and non-Asian beverages. The Asia drinks come in a range of soy drinks, juice drinks and ready-to-drink teas. Specific brands include soya milk, black soy drinks, Laichi, sugar cane beverage, lemon tea, Winter melon, Chrysanthemum tea, Herbal tea and Green tea. In addition to beverages, the company also produces a vast range of culinary sauces. This include canned curry, condiments, culinary paste, spreads, instant noodles and vermicelli, and canned and jar food. These sauces do not contain preservatives. Yeo’s Malaysia delightful selection of refreshing Asian drinks is cherished in every occasion naturally. The company’s authentic taste is inspired by traditional drinks brewed in Asia and its range of thirst-quenching drinks is a delight to customers in many Asian and non-Asian households. The major markets for the c ompany are Malaysia, Singapore, China, IndoChina, Hong Kong, North Asia, South Asia/Asia Africa, Vietnam, US, Canada, Europe, Australia and New Zealand. Macro environment analysis of the industry using the PEST (Political, Economic, Social and Technology) model. The political environment in Malaysia provides a safe and stable environment for Yeo’s operate in. There are regulations, tariffs and requirements international businesses must conform to operate in Malaysia. Even though the government is liberalizing its tariff regime progressively, products that are in competition with products that are manufactured locally are still highly protected and the company benefits greatly from this. Malaysia is a high export oriented economy and this provides an ideal economic environment for Yeo’s Malaysia to operate in because the company relies both on local and export markets. The country’s economy is well performing and its business regulations, tariffs and requirements are more favorable for local manufacturers. The government also identified food and agribusinesses as the nation’s key opportunities and this has motivated large companies like Yeo’s to develop strong brands and distribution networks. These have led to the accumulation of large economic resources for the company. There are also bilateral trade agreements with between Malaysia and some of its major markets like Australia and this makes business more favorable to the company. The Asian community and the larger Yeo’s market are highly conscious about health and strongly emphasize on safety. In Malaysia specifically, foods and beverages undergo the strict inspection to ensure they comply with the stringiest standards. The company uses no preservatives in its culinary brands and the most minimal in its beverages. Soy products are identified as healthy food. This has favored the operation of the company in Malaysia and ensured company’s products are on the hig hest demand. Yeo’s Malaysia has made and maintained a courageous commitment to technology. The company has undertaken a notable computer development and training as one its major human resource agenda. Analysis of the beverage industry using Porter’s five forces model Porter (1998) identifies five forces that influence an industry. These are supplier power, threat of new entrants, threat of substitutes, rivalry and buyer power. One of the things that present a threat

Examining Insurance Policies Part 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Examining Insurance Policies Part 3 - Essay Example Airport premises liability coverage is an additional coverage to an aircraft liability insurance policy that covers for bodily injury or property damage that results from the use of airport premises for both the parking and storage of the aircraft. This basically implies that the policy coverage will apply only to your premises (Prather 17). This policy will include any if not all of the following coverage; personal injury, premises and operations liability insurance, contractual and premises medical payment insurance. However, the good thing about this policy is that the policy may be tailored to meet the particular requirements of the insured. Hull and liability coverage will mainly cover the aircraft with all its components which include the engine, the propeller and all the other systems and the permanently attached equipment to the aircraft in addition to the avionics (viation Cases 1945). Under the aircraft liability coverage, claims from risks that ay result to property damage and bodily injury or death by members of the public and passengers. Some of the endorsements that I would recommend is the CGL policy coverage which can be provided to premises liability, products and completed operations. Other additional coverage that will be covered against include personal injury liability, liability incurred in advertising the host liquor liability in addition to hanger keepers coverage in the case of FBO operations (Prather 21). This coverage I believe would suit you best as you have other services like the class room instructions while also conducting aerial tours in his aerial photography side job. Some of the exclusions you should look out for include the ground hanger keepers’ legal liability which will come into play especially when you hire out the aircraft. The cover will provide for liability of damage to the property when the damage occurs as a result of negligence when the property is under the control

Acid Leaching for Metallic Impurities

Acid Leaching for Metallic Impurities Acid Leaching for Metallic Impurities Evaluation of Some Mineral Ores in Nigeria *R.L. Tyohemba1 S. K. Emgba2 Abstract There is every need to access the impurity ratio of mineral ores in order to furnish investors and industrialists with information required to weigh the gains of venturing into their exploration. Metallic ores including; Zinc ore (Sphalerite), Iron ore (Magnetite), Iron ore (Heamatite), Copper ore (chalcocite), Lead ore (Galena) and gypsum were obtained from the National Geological Survey Kaduna. The ore samples were grounded and digested with aqua regia solution to leach their metallic constituents using standard method. The main metallic components of the ores viz: Zn, Fe, Cu, Pb and Ca were determined by the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Biotech FAAS Phoenix 986) alongside their associated impurities. Galena (Lead ore) recorded the highest metallic impurity content of about 28.64 % and was followed by Sphalerite with about 6.31 % metallic impurities. The other ores recorded Zn>Mg>Ni>Pb. The impurity content of heamatite and magnetite were of the same trend in the orde r Mn>Cu>Zn>Ni>Pb. However, heamatite recorded higher Fe content than magnetite. Galena contained 534.50 mg/Kg (71.36 %) lead content with its associated impurities present in the order Zn>Mn>Cu>Cd. Sphalerite contained 8362.22 mg/Kg (93.69 %) as zinc while its associated impurities were present in the order of Cu>Fe>Ca>Mn>Pb. In gypsum, its Calcium content was (97.15 %) with its associated metallic impurities in the order Mg>Fe>K>Cr>Pb. The studied ores had a very high level of their major metallic constituents with only Galena which had a high level of impurities. Thus these ores could be good feedstock to mine their principal components. 1.1 INTRODUCTION Nigeria is richly endowed with a variety of mineral resources, fossil fuelsand solid minerals ranging from precious metals, various stones to industrial minerals such as Lead(Pb), Feldspar(xAl(Al,Si)3O8), ron magnetite(Fe3O4), iron hematite(Fe2O3), gypsum(CaSO4.2H2O),copper(Cu), Kaolinite(Al2O5(OH)4Si), Zinc(Zn), Limestone(caco3) e. t. c. Most of these are yet to be exploited. Statistically, the level of exploitation of these minerals is very low in relation to the extent of deposits found in the country. The presence of impurities in ores is inevitable due the nature of their occurrence. Impurities in minerals may be caused by simple admixtures or by crystal chemical substitutions [1]. Impurities are often responsible for colour changes. Natural impurities are common in minerals, as is the propensity for one element to slip into the crystalline structure in place of some other element. Exchanges of these forms do not cause a modification in mineral name as long as the replacements m ake up only a small proportion of the entire structure. Oxides nodules of Ni, Co and Cu have been found to occur in lattices of iron and manganese [2]. Associated impurities of zinc(II) such as lead, iron, Copper, Silver etc., contained in are said to be found present in Nigerian sphalerite mineral[3]. The high manganese content of the sphaleritesleave them incongruous for processing by conventional smeltingtechniques, facilitating the inevitability to design and construct an onsiterefinery that is specifically suited for Gamsberg ores and concentrates [4]. Naturally occurringsphalerite commonly incorporates variable concentrations ofimpurities (e.g. Fe, Cd, Mn, Cu, Co, Ni, Ge, In) that substitute zincin lattice sites. For example, FeS concentrations can range up to25 mol. %, while MnSseldom reaches up to 14 mol.%. Consequently,the high extent of stoichiometric inconsistency observedhas a marked effect on the processing, as high levels of theseimpurities in some zinc concentrates, i.e. Gamsberg, renders themunsuitable for processing by tr aditional operations.Copper is associated with basemetals such as nickel and cobalt. Studies have also been carried out on representative samples of Kà ¼re (Turkey) where massive rich copper ore were leached in acidic ferric sulfate solutions in order to recover copper and its associated metals (Zn, Co, Ni) present in the ore[5].The minerals of lead and zinc are naturally associated with eachOther.In many parts of the world, significant deposits of these mixedsulphide–oxide lead and zinc ores are found with the main sulphideand/or oxidised ore bodies. Because of their complex mineralogy,these ores are very difficult to deal with from a mineral processingpoint of view and they are very often left untreated as a result of themetallurgical difficulties encountered in extracting lead and zincfrom them. Although the primary sources of the metals are leadand zinc concentrates from sulphide and oxidised ores, as suppliesof these deplete, the processing of mixed ores must be considered[6]. Also, the lead-zinc ore from a mine is featured by complicated copper-lead-zin c intergrowth and uneven dissemination size. Besides, the minerals containing copper activate by nature the mineral containing zinc, causing difficulty of separation of copper, lead and zinc minerals [7].There also published data on the presence of metallic impurities including; Fe, Se, Mg, Al, Si, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, La, Ce, Nd and Y which were removed from desulpurized gypsum [8]. Hayward and Quincy [9] developed a method for the treatment of iron ores containing impurities such as aluminium, silicon, chromium, nickel and cobalt from iron ores of the type which contain nickel in excess of 0.25% and chromium in excess of 0.5%, such as for example those ores found in Cuba known as Mayari ores. The impurities which are present in all iron ores such as sulphur, phosphorus, manganese and silicon appear in iron and steel made there from. Such impurities are generally undesirable in iron alloys, but it has not been possible to remove them completely, and only high grade iron ores are used at present in the production of iron. For this reason, various low grade iron ores have been wholly rejected, either because of their high contents of the impurities mentioned or because they contain varying amounts of base metals [10]. These bulks of impurities mentioned in the essay have obvious unattractive characteristics that will increase the cost of mineral processing. There exist speculations that mineral ores in Nigeria are characterized by high levels of impurities. It then becomes imperative to access these mineral ores and their impurity ratios to furnish investors and industrialists with information that will help to estimate cost of production as well as to find suitable methods applicable for their purification. 2.1 METHODOLOGY 2.1.1 Sample Collection and Preparation Mineral ores including; Zinc ore (Sphalerite ZnS), Iron ore (Magnetite – Fe3O4), Iron ore (Heamatite (Fe2O3)), Copper ore (chalcocite Cu2S)), and Lead (Galena-PbS) were obtained from the National Geological Survey Kaduna. The samples were stored in the laboratory for the study. The ore samples were grounded using a porcelain mortar and pistol sieved and digested to leach their metallic constituents using the procedure described below. 2.1.2 Acid leaching of ore samples for metallic content determination. This was carried out as described by the ISO (1998)procedure [11]. 1g of the grounded air dried ore sample was transferred into a 250 ml reaction vessel (Teflon digestion bomb). 10ml of the mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid in a ration of 1:3 (aqua regia) was added unto the reaction vessel containing 1g of dried sample and heated using hot plate inside a fume hood until white fume was observed and allowed to cool. The reaction vessel was allowed to stand so that most of any insoluble residue settles out of suspension. The relatively sediment-free extract was decanted carefully onto a filter paper, collecting the filtrate in a 100 ml volumetric flask. All the initial filtrate was allowed to pass through the filter paper, and the insoluble residue was washed onto the filter paper with a minimum amount of nitric acid (0.5 mol/l). The filtrate so collected was collected alongside the initial filtrate and the volume of the flask was made up to mark with deionized water. The extract thus prepared was ready for the determination of the studied metals, by an atomic absorption spectrometer (Biotech FAAS Phoenix 986). 3.1 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1.1 Metallic Content of Copper Ore (Chalcocite). The result of metallic content of copper ore is presented in table 1. The concentration of copper in the ore was found to be 10341.73 (mgkg-1) representing about 97.7% of its metallic content covered by this work. Other metallic constituents which are considered to be impurities were also found present. Hence, Ca (99.65 (mgkg-1), Mg (63.89 mgkg-1), Ni (9.38 mgkg-1), Pb (1.99 mgkg-1) and Zn (73.26 mgkg-1) in the order Ca>Zn>Mg>Ni>Pb. These metallic ions exists in their +2 oxidation states as copper and could replace the Cu2+ in its lattice sites. In a similar work by [5], massive rich copper ore was leached in acidic ferric sulphate solutions and was able to recover copper and its associated metals (Zn, Co and Ni). Table 1 Metallic content of Copper ore (mg/Kg) 3.1. 2. Metallic content of the studied Iron ores (Heamatite and Magnetite) Presented in table 2 are the available metallic contents of the studied iron ores. The mount of iron in the heamatite ore was found to be 6488.19 mgkg-1, representing (97.3) % of the total metallic content evaluated in the study. The iron content of magnetite was 5571.81 mgkg-1, representing 96.99%. However, an interesting trend was observed in the variation in the amount of metallic impurities which were found present in these iron ores. Both heamatite and magnetite varied in their level of impurities in the order Mn>Cu>Zn>Ni>Pb. Oxides nodules of Ni, Co and Cu have been found elsewhere to occur in lattices of iron and manganese ores [2]. Hayward and Quincy [9] had already identified impurities such as Aluminium, Silicon, Chromium, Nickel and cobalt from iron ores of the type which contained nickel in excess of 0.25%. The values reported in this study for both iron ores are lower in nickel content than those recorded above (0.21 and 0.18) % nickel for heamatite and magnetite respect ively. As earlier stated in literature, iron alloys are generally undesirable but it has not been possible to remove them completely, and only high grade iron ores are used at present in the production of iron. For this reason, various low grade iron ores have been wholly rejected, either because of their high contents of the impurities mentioned or because they contain varying amounts of base metals [10]. From the results presented in this study, Nigerian iron ores are of high iron content with very minimal impurity content in the ratio of (1:35 and 1:32) iron to metallic impurities content of heamatite and magnetite. Table 2 Metallic content of iron ores (HeamatiteMagnetite) (mg/Kg) **H: Heamatite **M: Magnetite 3.1. 3 Metallic Content of Lead Ore (Galena) The recorded amount of Pb in the galena ore was 534.50 mgkg-1, representing (71.36) % Pb content of the studied metallic components. Also, other metallic components considered to be impurities including; Cadmium, Copper, Manganese and Zinc were found present in the ore as presented in table 4 in the order Zn>Mn>Cu>Cd. The metallic impurities of Zn and Mn were present in relatively large amounts. (i.e. 14.21 and 12.85) %. The minerals of Lead and zinc are naturally associated with each other. In many parts of the world, significant deposits of these mixed sulphide-oxide lead and zinc ores are found with the main sulphide and/or oxidized ore bodies. Because of their complex mineralogy, these are very difficult to deal with from mineral processing point of view and they are very often left untreated as a result of the metallurgical difficulties encountered in extracting lead and zinc from them [6]. Table 4. Metallic content of Lead ore (mg/Kg) 3.1.4 Metallic Content of Zinc ore(Sphalerite) The results are found in table 5. Zinc content was determined to be 8362.22 mgkg-1 (93.69) % of the ore’s metallic content studied. Other metallic components which are considered to be common impurities associated with zinc ores were also found present in the other Cu>Fe>Ca>Mn>Pb. The occurrence of zinc with such impurities has earlier been reported in the previous session. Table 5. Metallic content of Zinc ore (mg/Kg) 3.1.5 Metallic content of gypsum Heiska (2011) have reported the presence of metallic impurities including; Fe, Se, Mg, Al, Si, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, La, Ce, Nd and Y in gypsum. As presented in table 6, the main metallic component of gypsum which is calcium was evaluated to be 9921.03 mgkg-1, representing 97.15 % of the total metallic content of the studied metals. Other metals such as Cr, Fe, Mg, K and Pb were found present in the acid leached mineral in the order Mg>Fe>K>Cr>Pb. The dominance of Mg as an impurity in this ore is much expected as the metal ion (Mg2+) is known to occur in areas where there calcium deposits exchanging at its lattice and together causing water hardness. Table 6. Metallic content of Gypsum ore (mg/Kg) 3.1.6 Main metal component and impurities ratios of studied ores In table 7 and fig. 2, the summary of these ratios are presented. Lead ore had the highest level of total metallic impurities recording about 28.69 % as impurities in its ore. Others had low metallic impurities in them. Zinc ore recorded less than 10 % as metallic impurities. On the other hand, metallic impurities in copper, heamatite, magnetite and gypsum were less than 5 %. Table 7.Metal/metallic impurity ratios of studied ores. Fig.2 Metal/metallic impurity ratios of studied ores 4.1. Conclusion The analysis of metallic content of some of the Nigerian mineral ores presented from the result indicates that the studied metallic ores are rich in their principal metallic constituent. The only exception observed is the high impurity content of galena (Lead ore). All the other mineral ores had a little percentage of metallic impurities in them. It is gain saying that these raw materials could serve as very rich industrial feedstock that will require little processing and thus serve cost. The high Zinc and Manganese content of the galena is disadvantageous in terms of the metallurgical process that will be required to recover the major metallic content as well as the appreciable contents of the other metals which are equally of industrial importance. REFERENCES [1] Smykatz-kloss, W. Determination of impurities in minerals by means of Standard Differential Thermal Analysis, â€Å" Purity Determination by Thermal Methods, ASTM STP 838, R.L Blaines C.K. Schoff, Eds., American society for Test and Materials, 1984, 121-137. [2] Zhang, W and Cheng, C. Y. (2007). Manganese metallurgy review. Part I: Leaching of ores/secondarymaterials and recovery of electrolytic/chemical manganese dioxide. Hydrometallurgy 89 (2007) 137–159. [3] Alafara,A. B and Folahan, A. A (2011).Beneficiation of a Nigerian sphalerite mineral: Solvent extraction of zinc byCyanex ®272 in hydrochloric acid. Hydrometallurgy, Hydrometallurgy 109 (2011):187–193. [4] McClung, C. R. and Viljoen, F (2011). A detailed mineralogical assessment of sphalerites from the Gamsberg zincdeposit, South Africa: The manganese conundrumMinerals Engineering 24 (2011) 930–938. [5] Arslan, F, Bulut, M. Olgaà §Kangal, K. TahsinPerek, AlimGà ¼lSebahattinGà ¼rmen (2004). Studies on leaching of massive rich copper ore in acidic ferric sulfate solutions. Scandinavian Journal of Metallurgy 33(1):6-14. [6] Olubambi, P.A., Ndlovu, S., Potgieter, J.H. and Borode, J.O. (2008).Mineralogical characterization of Ishiagu (Nigeria) complex sulphide ore.Int. J. Miner. Process. 87 (2008) 83–89. [7]Ma, J., Ren, J. and Yuan, L (2008). Flotation experimental research of multi-metal sulphide ore. Northwest Geological Research Institute of Non-ferrous metallic ores, Xian 710054, China. [8] Heiska, P (2011). Methods of purifying gypsum. US Patent 20110044883. [9] Hayward, C.R. and Quincy, M (1948). Treatment of iron ore containing impurities including nickel and chromium. US patent. No.45862. New York. [10] Meyer, R. (1931). Process of Beneficiating iron ores. US Patent. Series No.527367. New York. [11] ISO 11047. 1998. Soil Quality – Determination of cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, lead, manganese nickel and zinc. Flame and electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric methods.International Organization for Standardization. Geneva, Switzerland. 6 p. (available at www.iso.ch).

Exporting Rubber Products to China

The manufacture of rubber based products such as industrial tyres, tubes, auto parts and components has been a part of Sri Lanka’s economy since the early 1930’s. As one of the largest rubber producing countries, Sri Lanka produces different types, forms and grades of rubber as well as rubber based products for export markets. China accounted 0. 45% of total exports from Sri Lanka to the world, but on the current trend it’s optimistic that China will increase the potential items of exports from Sri Lanka such as rubber products, tea, spices and confectioneries and seafood. China’s demand for rubber was expected to rise 8. % tonnes in 2010 to reflect strong growth in the country’s auto sector. The development of the auto industry is the main driver for the development of market for rubber products in China. The development of highway construction and transportation industry will drive the demand for tyres, engineering rubber products and other rubber products. China consumes 16% of the world’s natural rubber. China has already become the world’s largest rubber consumption than any other country, estimated statistics illustrate China’s top rubber consumer’s position will not be shaken in the period ahead. In recent years, the world’s major rubber companies such as Goodyear, Bridgestone, Michelin and other tire companies have entered China, mass production of export products. As the emerging economic super power, China led solid foundation for the exporters of rubber products by creating potential market opportunities due to its sustained high growth in exports of rubber. Many opportunities are available on improving trade with China considering the strength of the cordial relationship maintained between the two countries by continuous dialogue and trade agreements on mutual understanding. It is reasonably appropriate to commend the trade relationship between the two countries considering the fact its historical relationship and the monumental development in China who will indisputably become the giant in trade & industry during this century. China’s membership of Asia Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA) would provide Sri Lanka access to one of the largest markets in the world. It was becoming more important as it gave Sri Lankan exporters access to the emerging giant economies in the world such as China, India and South Korea. Rates of utilization of key trade deals such as the Asia Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA) and South Asia Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA) were low by Sri Lankan rubber exporters. It might be due to exporters are not obtaining certificates of origin from the department of commerce, exporters are not aware of the Free Trade Agreements (FTA) or the importer is not presenting it and getting duty concessions. It’s important to improve exports to China because the potential market for the rubber based products is enormous. Sri Lankan exporters should make aware of the preferential trade terms between China and Sri Lanka and utilize them in the best possible way to develop the export of rubber products. Recently, Sri Lankan Government has used trade policies which would further their foreign policy objectives such as building strong relations with China. Despite Sri Lanka rubber industry being adversely affected by this world crisis, Sri Lanka was able to recover the lost market share and offer its natural rubber at a highly competitive rate under these trade agreements. China commenced import of rubber from Sri Lanka in 1951 even before agreements became effective. China extended a remarkable sense of generosity to the people of Sri Lanka in becoming the principal importer of rubber from Sri Lanka. Although exports under APTA have grown, it was still only about 50 million dollars worth of goods to China, Korea, India and Bangladesh with about 1,800 certificates of origin issued by the commerce department. Natural rubber and rubber products are one of the main products exported under South Asia Preferential Trading Agreement (SAPTA) and Asia Pacific Trade Agreement (APTA). Under SAPTA also total Sri Lankan exports remains modest. While the Free Trade Agreements do not eliminate import tariffs on rubber, it would facilitate to ensure stable cost and supply for China suppliers. The agreement can encourage Sri Lankan exporters to set up distribution offices in China and sell directly to downstream manufacturers in the country. Southeast Asia is the largest source of rubber in the world, particularly Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia. All of these countries are huge competitors from the Sri Lankan perspective. The quality of output from the region is good and stable as well. China, on the other hand, is the largest global manufacturer of tires and China requires at least 60% of natural rubber used for the industry is currently sourced overseas. There would be a potential market not only for rubber products but also for natural rubber for the exporters of Sri Lanka. China's rubber market has maintained rapid consumption growth and booming growth patterns remains unchanged. If Sri Lankan rubber producers seek the markets available in the world such as China and build international competitiveness in the industrial rubber products, it would help Sri Lanka to raise national income and create jobs in the particular sector. Rubber industry helps to utilize underemployed labour resources because it needs intensive labour resource and it is also kind of forest rehabilitation. Sri Lanka could shift from exporting of long lived forest products to relatively short lived forest products such as rubber. Sri Lankan rubber products manufacturing industry could achieve remarkable progress with the use of novel technology and sophisticated production facilities. In tandem with the increase in rubber consumption in China, the corresponding increase in the volume and value of exported rubber products has grown significantly. Factors of rapid growth of China’s rubber consumption * Rapid economic expansion As China is at present stage of heavy industrialization there’s a vast need of rubber based products for the appliance manufacturers, automobile companies and various other industries. Major economic indicators such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Industrial Production annual growth rate, Fixed Asset Investment Growth Rate and annual growth rate of China demonstrate the potential opportunities available in China. * Automakers have been strong. There’s a rapid growth in vehicle production with the improvement of people’s income levels, middle class expansion of automobile consumption. * Dramatic increase in the road traffic Expansion of the economic output, the acceleration of urbanization, domestic and foreign trade and enhanced standard of living has increased the road traffic significantly in China. Considerable increase in road traffic is a direct stimulus to the major rubber product, industrial tyres. RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUTION 1. It ‘s necessary for private sector to develop and add more value on their rubber based products so as to improve their competitiveness in the Chinese markets as well as to make the best use from the abundant natural rubber in Sri Lanka. * In order to improve their competitiveness, producers of rubber products should develop and enhance their human resources skills, improve their production process to be more efficient and produce higher quality rubber products. In addition, Sri Lankan firms should focus more attention on research and development (R&D) to enhance and upgrade their products to be a higher quality in order to meet product standards and requirements in China. * The most important fact is that producers, suppliers and related institutes (Research Institutes, Testing laboratories and so on) should hold hands to form a cluster in order to help and support each other in the integrated supply chain. 2. To improve the quality of rubber products to export to China, the producers should study and possess good understanding on China’s compulsory standards and recommended standards. 3. Before exporting to China, the exporters should study and have a good understanding of the current situation in the Chinese rubber markets, the transportation and logistics system in China, regulations and other related policies of the Chinese Government and China’s commitment in the WTO as well as China’s FTA agreements with Sri Lanka. 4. Be cautious of selecting business or trade partners, and select one with potential and credibility. The exporters should emphasize on building close relationships with their Chinese partner to allow for smooth business operations. Connections are one of the most important business customs in China and other social and cultural aspects include joining a meal together and gift giving using two hands as it demonstrates sincerity and intention between two parties. The system of Chinese networking is heavily focused on personal relationships. . The Government of Sri Lanka should encourage public and private sector to add more value on natural rubber, which are abundant in Sri Lanka in order to produce processed rubber products by financially supporting the rubber industry, providing technical and other assistance, developing the human resources, conducting more researches on rubber products as well as encouraging rubber producers to improve the quality of Sri Lankan rubber products to meet the required standards in oreign markets, particularly in China and other foreign countries. 6. The Sri Lankan Government should financially support and establish the research and testing laboratories as well as Sri Lankan researchers and specialists to improve the production processes and upgrade higher standards of Sri Lankan products, including the equipment, machinery and innovation to produce new hi end products. . When taking into consideration fundamental factors such as size of economy, size of population and size of domestic market, it seems that Sri Lanka is not in a position to compete with China. Therefore, its necessary to adapt strategic approaches to co exist with China, particularly to be part of China’s economic growth rather than to explicitly compete with China. Therefore, we suggest the Sri Lankan Government to implement the â€Å"Rise with the Dragon† strategy, in terms of trade and investment in order to be part of China’s production and consumption processes. The export of rubber products to China would be economic growth driven international business to Sri Lanka. As Rubber fall under the main export categories of Sri Lanka, we have a potential of developing the quality of rubber products and there’s a vast opportunity exists in China for Sri Lankan Rubber Products.

Types of Power in a Negotiation

What are the five types of power? Referent- power that comes from admiration or respect from others subject to such power Reward- power that comes from using rewards as a way to get things accomplished Legitimate- having a title that grants power, such as CEO Expert- power that comes from having supreme knowledge of the subject Coercive – using punishment as a way to get things done Consider a negotiation with which you are familiar. What parties were identified? Who had power or influence? Explain why.I personally don't find myself negotiating through situations on a daily basis, my work environment is very fast-paced and we usually make decisions very quickly. But I can definitely see these types of power struggles in a family situation or even a marriage. Personally I know I have used the reward and coercive powers to get my kids to do things. Being a parent also gives that legitimate power, I am MOM therefore what I say goes. Based on your experience with a negotiation, ho w does having one or more of the five types of power affect the dynamics of the negotiation?I would have to say that at work our team Leader beyond having legitimate power, he also has referent and expert power. During department meetings to discuss methods to improve our efficiency we all give our feedback and go back and forth with our ideas. It is his knowledge of the company and years of experience that usually provide the most efficient approach to improving our dept. Having the respect from everyone in the department as well as other co-workers initiates the negotiation towards a productive solution.

My Personal Philosophy of Education - 2057 Words

Within this paper I will show reason and support for the development of my own personal philosophy of education I have found to be of importance that should be found in today’s classroom. I have a strong support of a safe environment and availability of free expression to be offered equally to every eager mind of a child. There are important assets that I will explore within this paper that I feel can be used as valuable tools to help construct less of â€Å"at risk students† and produce more positive citizens in the future of our society. I will try and support how schools and faculty play such a strong role in a having the opportunity to be an additional role model in a child’s life. Are†¦show more content†¦Pupils showing their eagerness through questioning and continuous motivation to be involved in classroom lectures would have to more proof positive to me than any statistic level of scoring. The most important role of the teacher by my own definition would have to be to always provide a positive learning environment for their students. Having a strong support group can only help to promote a more positive institution of learning for a child. A teacher should stay abreast of protective factors to help students stay on a path of positive outcome. Key protective factors help to develop resiliency among students according to Benard (1997). Resilient children and youth share at least four common attributes: Social competence, problem-solving skills, Autonomy, and sense of purpose and future ( Benard 1997). The key factors associated with resiliency include: (1) Support relationships, particularly encouragement from school personnel and other adults. (2) student characteristics, such as self-esteem, motivation, problem-solving skills, conflict resolution skills, and the acceptance of responsibility. (3) Family factors, such as parental support/concern and school involvement. (4) Community factors, such as community youth programs. (5) School factors, such as academic success and pro-social skills.Show MoreRelatedMy Personal Philosophy : My Philosophy Of Education1046 Words   |  5 Pagesmanipulate the information for their own use in the future. Choosing between the four, I would say my philosophical views line up more as an essentialist. My philosophy of education, is that every teacher and student has an environment where they are challenged, yet still encouraged, in their instructional matter and teaching and learning strategies to prepare them to meet the goals set upon them. A philosophy is a search for wisdom in a particular area; it builds a framework of thinking, and guides instructionalRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education997 Words   |  4 Pages Philosophy of Education Discovering the place where personal values and expertise meet organizational values and needs offers a dynamic partnership opportunity. 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All of these elusive beings have left tracks, yet there isn’t a single photograph to prove their existence—just likeRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education1335 Words   |  6 Pagesteaching style in the â€Å"Finding Your Philosophy of Education Quiz.† While I enjoyed learning about the different philosophies and psychological influences of teaching, I prefer constructivism, social reconstruction, and progressivism due to their student-centered learning, hands-on or project based learning style, while making efforts to improve the world around them. I will be discussing why I chose progressivism, social reconstruction, and constructivism as my preferences, as well as the role ofRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education873 Words   |  4 Pagesis a meaningful education? Throughout time many philosopher and educators have pondered on this question, leading to the development of theories and concepts that are present in the classroom today. In my personal experience, an educator philosophy is built over a course of time which is based on their knowledge and experience. An educator belief system is like a river, it changes and matures throughout its course, bending and changing as it progresses. Throughout the course of my educational careerRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Education1152 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction My personal philosophy of education relies on the fundamental belief that every individual has inherent value, therefore designating education as an environment where students may grow in their self-worth through academic and relational support. Thus, the purpose of education is to provide individuals with the opportunity to learn about both content and about self, growing in their identity. Within this personal philosophy of education, I will further detail the aim of education, the role